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Before it was a Civil War Fort, Cannon Branch was a Native American Base Camp
Its location near water resources has long made its occupation advantageous. Archaeological evidence has been uncovered including:

• Fire-cracked rock
• Quartz
• Quartzite flakes
• Quartz spear point

These artifacts indicate that this site may have been used as a seasonal base camp by Native Americans. To date, 17 Native American archaeological sites have been identified within a two-mile radius of the Cannon Branch Earthwork Fort site.

Who Built Cannon Branch Fort?
Although no specific references to Cannon Branch Fort have yet been found in historical documentation, it appears likely that the fortification was built by Union troops, circa 1863-1864, as part of a series of forts sited along the railroad to defend supply lines. Once the town of Warrenton, Virginia, was secured by Union forces in April 1863, Major General Joseph Hooker began to use the Orange and Alexandria Railroad as a major supply route for his army.

In July and August 1863, regiments from Pennsylvania and New York, among other northern states, reached the Manassas area as they followed Confederate troops south after the Battle of Gettysburg. These regiments remained in the region until April 1864, to guard the Orange and Alexandria Railroad from additional cavalry and guerilla raids and the fortifications continued to be manned by Union soldiers until late 1864.

Visit

Cannon Branch Fort is located at 10611 Gateway Boulevard and is open from sunrise to sunset daily. The site is free to the public. For more information, please contact the Museum at 703-368-1873.